FoundationAgents/MetaGPT · error · RuntimeError

device-id: {device_id} not found

Error message

device-id: {device_id} not found

What it means

AndroidExtEnv.__init__ runs `adb devices`, and if the user-supplied device_id is not among the connected devices it raises RuntimeError 'device-id: {device_id} not found'. This happens during model loading, before any path setup, and guards against sending subsequent adb commands to a nonexistent device.

Source

Thrown at metagpt/environment/android/android_ext_env.py:63

class AndroidExtEnv(ExtEnv):
    device_id: Optional[str] = Field(default=None)
    screenshot_dir: Optional[Path] = Field(default=None)
    xml_dir: Optional[Path] = Field(default=None)
    width: int = Field(default=720, description="device screen width")
    height: int = Field(default=1080, description="device screen height")
    ocr_detection: any = Field(default=None, description="ocr detection model")
    ocr_recognition: any = Field(default=None, description="ocr recognition model")
    groundingdino_model: any = Field(default=None, description="clip groundingdino model")

    def __init__(self, **data: Any):
        super().__init__(**data)
        device_id = data.get("device_id")
        self.ocr_detection, self.ocr_recognition, self.groundingdino_model = load_cv_model()
        if device_id:
            devices = self.list_devices()
            if device_id not in devices:
                raise RuntimeError(f"device-id: {device_id} not found")
            (width, height) = self.device_shape
            self.width = data.get("width", width)
            self.height = data.get("height", height)
            self.create_device_path(self.screenshot_dir)
            self.create_device_path(self.xml_dir)

    def reset(
        self,
        *,
        seed: Optional[int] = None,
        options: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None,
    ) -> tuple[dict[str, Any], dict[str, Any]]:
        super().reset(seed=seed, options=options)

        obs = self._get_obs()

        return obs, {}

View on GitHub (pinned to 11cdf466d0)

Solutions

1. Verify the exact serial with `adb devices` and pass that value as device_id.
2. Ensure the emulator/device is fully booted and authorized (accept the USB debugging prompt) before constructing AndroidExtEnv.
3. Confirm adb is installed and on PATH; on Windows use the full path to adb.exe.
4. If multiple devices are attached, qualify all adb commands with -s <device_id> (the class does this internally via adb_prefix_shell once the id validates).

Example fix

# before
env = AndroidExtEnv(device_id="emulator-5556")  # RuntimeError: device-id: emulator-5556 not found

# after
import subprocess
serials = [l.split()[0] for l in subprocess.run(["adb", "devices"], capture_output=True, text=True).stdout.splitlines()[1:] if l.strip() and "device" in l]
assert serials, "no android devices connected; start the emulator first"
env = AndroidExtEnv(device_id=serials[0])

import subprocess

def list_adb_serials() -> list[str]:
    out = subprocess.run(["adb", "devices"], capture_output=True, text=True, check=True).stdout
    return [l.split()[0] for l in out.splitlines()[1:] if l.strip() and l.split()[-1] == "device"]

serials = list_adb_serials()
assert serials, "no authorized android devices; start emulator / accept USB debugging"
env = AndroidExtEnv(device_id=serials[0])

try:
    env = AndroidExtEnv(device_id=serial)
except RuntimeError as e:
    if "not found" in str(e):
        raise SystemExit(f"device {serial!r} not connected; run `adb devices` and check the serial") from e
    raise

When it happens

Trigger: Constructing AndroidExtEnv(device_id="emulator-5554") when `adb devices` lists nothing or a different serial (e.g. the emulator is not started, or the physical phone is unauthorized).

Common situations: Emulator not booted yet (race between starting the emulator and running the script); USB debugging not authorized so the device shows as 'unauthorized' and its serial is excluded; multiple devices attached and the wrong serial copied; adb not on PATH making list_devices return an empty list.

Related errors

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• Environment has not been reset yet
• Failed to step Minecraft server

AI-assisted analysis of FoundationAgents/MetaGPT@11cdf466d0 (2026-08-14). Data as JSON: /api/errors/73b768153d699155. Report an issue: GitHub.