JuliusBrussee/caveman · error

contains duplicate key_id

Error message

${label} contains duplicate key_id ${decoded.info.key_id}

What it means

Thrown by decodeUniqueKeyring when two or more entries in a public_keys array share the same key_id. The keyring is keyed by key_id so receipts can select the right verifying key; duplicates would make that mapping ambiguous, so the verifier refuses the bundle.

Solutions

1. Deduplicate the public_keys array so each key_id appears once.
2. If the duplicate has different key material, assign the new key a distinct key_id.
3. Regenerate the bundle with the official export command, which builds a unique keyring.

Example fix

// before
public_keys: [k(\"2026-q3\", A), k(\"2026-q3\", B)]
// after
public_keys: [k(\"2026-q3\", A), k(\"2026-q4\", B)]

const ids = bundle.public_keys.map(k => k.key_id);
if (new Set(ids).size !== ids.length) throw new Error('duplicate key_id in public_keys');

function hasUniqueKeyIds(keys: { key_id: string }[]): boolean {
  return new Set(keys.map(k => k.key_id)).size === keys.length;
}

try {
  verifyBundle(bundle);
} catch (e) {
  if ((e as Error).message.includes('duplicate key_id')) console.error('deduplicate public_keys before verifying');
  throw e;
}

When it happens

Trigger: Verifying a v2 receipt bundle whose public_keys array contains two entries with identical key_id values (with otherwise possibly different key material or a plain accidental repeat).

Common situations: Merging bundles by concatenating public_keys arrays; copying an entry to update it instead of replacing it; re-adding the same key twice during key rotation tooling.

Understand the failure class

Background: "Invalid value" and "allowed values are" config errors: what your library rejected and how to fix it — this error's family across 41 libraries.

Related errors

• bundle completeness cannot be attested by unsigned export…
• duplicate provider/model/region row
• ed25519 public key must be 32 bytes, got
• envelope: object kind is required
• envelope: organization scope is required

AI-assisted analysis of JuliusBrussee/caveman@3ee70a1026 (2026-09-20). Data as JSON: /api/errors/ef10079b02a5037a. Report an issue: GitHub.

Appendix: source

Thrown at packages/cli/src/index.ts:17860

    prev = r;
  }
  return null;
}

function decodeReceiptKey(info: ReceiptPublicKey, label: string): DecodedReceiptKey {
  if (!info || typeof info.key_id !== "string" || !info.key_id.trim()) throw new Error(`${label} key_id is required`);
  if (info.alg !== "Ed25519") throw new Error(`${label} has unsupported algorithm ${String(info.alg)}`);
  if (typeof info.key !== "string" || !info.key.trim()) throw new Error(`${label} key is required`);
  const raw = Buffer.from(info.key, "base64");
  if (raw.length !== 32 || raw.toString("base64") !== info.key) throw new Error(`${label} must be a canonical base64 Ed25519 public key`);
  return { info, raw, key: ed25519PublicKey(raw) };
}

function decodeUniqueKeyring(infos: ReceiptPublicKey[], label: string): Map<string, DecodedReceiptKey> {
  const keys = new Map<string, DecodedReceiptKey>();
  for (const [index, info] of infos.entries()) {
    const decoded = decodeReceiptKey(info, `${label}[${index}]`);
    if (keys.has(decoded.info.key_id)) throw new Error(`${label} contains duplicate key_id ${decoded.info.key_id}`);
    keys.set(decoded.info.key_id, decoded);
  }
  return keys;
}

function embeddedReceiptKeys(bundle: ReceiptBundle): { current: DecodedReceiptKey; keys: Map<string, DecodedReceiptKey> } {
  if (bundle.schema !== RECEIPT_BUNDLE_V1 && bundle.schema !== RECEIPT_BUNDLE_V2) throw new Error(`unsupported bundle schema ${String(bundle.schema)}`);
  if (bundle.verification_coverage !== undefined && bundle.verification_coverage !== INCLUDED_RECEIPTS_ONLY) throw new Error(`unsupported unsigned verification coverage ${String(bundle.verification_coverage)}`);
  if (bundle.completeness_attested === true) throw new Error("bundle completeness cannot be attested by unsigned export metadata");
  const current = decodeReceiptKey(bundle.public_key, "public_key");
  if (bundle.public_keys !== undefined && !Array.isArray(bundle.public_keys)) throw new Error("public_keys must be an array");
  if (bundle.schema === RECEIPT_BUNDLE_V2 && (!Array.isArray(bundle.public_keys) || bundle.public_keys.length === 0)) throw new Error("v2 bundle requires public_keys");
  const keys = decodeUniqueKeyring(bundle.public_keys ?? [], "public_keys");
  const currentInRing = keys.get(current.info.key_id);
  if (currentInRing && !currentInRing.raw.equals(current.raw)) throw new Error(`public_key conflicts with public_keys entry ${current.info.key_id}`);
  if (bundle.schema === RECEIPT_BUNDLE_V2 && !currentInRing) throw new Error("v2 public_keys must include public_key");
  if (!currentInRing) keys.set(current.info.key_id, current);
  return { current, keys };

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