SeleniumHQ/selenium · error · ArgumentError

Invalid arguments: #{opts.keys}

Error message

Invalid arguments: #{opts.keys}

What it means

Raised by Selenium::WebDriver::Credential#initialize when the keyword arguments contain keys other than the recognized ones (:id, :resident_credential, :rp_id, :private_key, and the optional :user_handle, :sign_count consumed via **opts). After deleting known keys from opts, if any remain, ArgumentError is raised listing the unexpected keys.

Source

Thrown at rb/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/virtual_authenticator/credential.rb:67

              rp_id: opts['rpId'],
              private_key: decode(opts['privateKey']),
              sign_count: opts['signCount'],
              user_handle: user_handle)
        end
      end

      attr_reader :id, :resident_credential, :rp_id, :user_handle, :private_key, :sign_count
      alias resident_credential? resident_credential

      def initialize(id:, resident_credential:, rp_id:, private_key:, **opts)
        @id = id
        @resident_credential = resident_credential
        @rp_id = rp_id
        @user_handle = opts.delete(:user_handle) { nil }
        @private_key = private_key
        @sign_count = opts.delete(:sign_count) { 0 }

        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid arguments: #{opts.keys}" unless opts.empty?
      end

      #
      # @api private
      #

      def as_json(*)
        credential_data = {'credentialId' => Credential.encode(id),
                           'isResidentCredential' => resident_credential?,
                           'rpId' => rp_id,
                           'privateKey' => Credential.encode(private_key),
                           'signCount' => sign_count}
        credential_data['userHandle'] = Credential.encode(user_handle) if user_handle
        credential_data
      end
    end # Credential
  end # WebDriver
end # Selenium

View on GitHub (pinned to aa36b38e69)

Solutions

1. Use only recognized snake_case keys: id:, resident_credential:, rp_id:, private_key:, user_handle:, sign_count:.
2. Prefer the factory methods Credential.resident(...) and Credential.non_resident(...) which guide correct usage.
3. If constructing from external data, filter keys before passing: credential_data.slice(:id, :resident_credential, :rp_id, :private_key, :user_handle, :sign_count).

Example fix

// before
cred = Selenium::WebDriver::Credential.new(
  id: [1, 2, 3],
  resident_credential: true,
  rpId: 'example.com',       # camelCase typo
  privateKey: [4, 5, 6],     # camelCase typo
  signCount: 0               # camelCase typo
)

// after
cred = Selenium::WebDriver::Credential.new(
  id: [1, 2, 3],
  resident_credential: true,
  rp_id: 'example.com',
  private_key: [4, 5, 6],
  sign_count: 0
)
# or use factory:
cred = Selenium::WebDriver::Credential.resident(
  id: [1, 2, 3], rp_id: 'example.com', private_key: [4, 5, 6]
)

VALID_CREDENTIAL_KEYS = %i[id resident_credential rp_id private_key user_handle sign_count].freeze

def safe_credential(opts)
  unknown = opts.keys - VALID_CREDENTIAL_KEYS
  raise ArgumentError, "Unknown Credential keys: #{unknown}. Valid: #{VALID_CREDENTIAL_KEYS}" unless unknown.empty?
  Selenium::WebDriver::Credential.new(**opts)
end

def valid_credential_opts?(opts)
  (opts.keys - %i[id resident_credential rp_id private_key user_handle sign_count]).empty?
end

begin
  cred = Selenium::WebDriver::Credential.new(**opts)
rescue ArgumentError => e
  raise unless e.message.include?('Invalid arguments')
  # filter to known keys and retry
  filtered = opts.slice(:id, :resident_credential, :rp_id, :private_key, :user_handle, :sign_count)
  cred = Selenium::WebDriver::Credential.new(**filtered)
end

When it happens

Trigger: Calling Credential.new(id: ..., rp_id: ..., foo: 'bar') with a typo'd key like :rpId (camelCase) instead of :rp_id. Passing :signCount instead of :sign_count. Passing an extra key that doesn't belong (e.g., :name, :description).

Common situations: Copying JSON field names (camelCase) from the WebAuthn spec or DevTools protocol directly as Ruby keyword args (which use snake_case). Typos in keyword argument names. Passing a Hash constructed from external data with unexpected keys.

Related errors

• Invalid arguments: #{opts.keys}
• incompatible proxy type #{type.inspect} (already set to #{@t
• cannot find element by #{how.inspect}
• cannot find elements by #{how.inspect}
• expected #{arg.inspect}:#{arg.class} to respond to #shift

AI-assisted analysis of SeleniumHQ/selenium@aa36b38e69 (2026-08-14). Data as JSON: /api/errors/76e9e1e400b9d926. Report an issue: GitHub.