alibaba/spring-ai-alibaba · error · IllegalArgumentException

Tool Calls Invalid input data:

Error message

Tool Calls Invalid input data: 

What it means

Thrown by the tool-call input validator in PromptRunServiceImpl when the JSON Schema (draft-07) validation of the tool's input arguments fails. The message lists the specific ValidationMessage(s) produced by networknt json-schema-validator. It indicates the arguments the model/caller supplied do not conform to the tool's declared input schema.

Source

Thrown at spring-ai-alibaba-admin/spring-ai-alibaba-admin-server-start/src/main/java/com/alibaba/cloud/ai/studio/admin/service/impl/PromptRunServiceImpl.java:249

        private final String inputSchema;
        
        public MockFunction(String output, String inputSchema) {
            this.output = output;
            this.inputSchema = inputSchema;
        }
        
        @Override
        public String apply(Map<String, Object> inputMap) {
            try {
                JsonNode schemaNode = objectMapper.readTree(inputSchema);
                JsonNode dataNode = objectMapper.valueToTree(inputMap);
                
                JsonSchemaFactory factory = JsonSchemaFactory.getInstance(SpecVersion.VersionFlag.V7);
                JsonSchema schema = factory.getSchema(schemaNode);
                Set<ValidationMessage> errors = schema.validate(dataNode);
                
                if (!errors.isEmpty()) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Tool Calls Invalid input data: " + errors);
                }
                return this.output;
                
            } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
                log.error("JSON 处理失败: ", e);
                throw new RuntimeException("JSON processing failed: " + e.getMessage(), e);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.error("JSON 处理失败: ", e);
                throw new RuntimeException("Schema validation failed: " + e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
        
    }
    
}

View on GitHub (pinned to f82da0b50f)

Solutions

1. Read the ValidationMessage details appended after the prefix — they name the JSON path and the violated keyword.
2. Fix the caller so the input JSON matches the tool's inputSchema (required fields, types).
3. If the model generated bad arguments, tighten the schema description/examples so the LLM produces conforming input.
4. If the schema itself is wrong, correct the tool definition's schema before re-running.

Example fix

// before (missing required field)
{"city": "Hangzhou"}
// after (schema requires city + unit)
{"city": "Hangzhou", "unit": "celsius"}

JsonNode data = mapper.readTree(inputJson);
Set<ValidationMessage> errs = factory.getSchema(schemaNode).validate(data);
if (!errs.isEmpty()) throw new IllegalArgumentException(errs.toString());

boolean isValidInput(JsonNode data, JsonNode schema) {
    return data != null && schema != null &&
        schemaFactory.getSchema(schema).validate(data).isEmpty();
}

try {
    schema.validate(dataNode);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
    log.warn("Tool input failed schema validation: {}", e.getMessage());
    // return 400 with the validation messages
}

When it happens

Trigger: Prompt/tool run where the parsed input dataNode violates the schema: missing required properties, wrong types, unmet enum/const values, or additionalProperties violations detected by schema.validate(dataNode).

Common situations: LLM generated arguments that don't match the declared tool schema; prompt definition edited so the schema changed but callers still send the old shape; caller passing a JSON array where object expected; numeric string where integer declared.

Understand the failure class

Background: Schema validation failed / invalid input schema: payload rejected because its shape doesn't match the expected schema — this error's family across 28 libraries.

Related errors

• Schema validation failed:
• INVALID_PARAMS
• Oauth2UserNotFound
• InvalidParameter
• BuildToolSchemaError

AI-assisted analysis of alibaba/spring-ai-alibaba@f82da0b50f (2026-09-09). Data as JSON: /api/errors/834a95acda984188. Report an issue: GitHub.