apache/maven · error · XMLStreamException

TEXT must be immediately followed by END_ELEMENT and not {}

Error message

TEXT must be immediately followed by END_ELEMENT and not {}

What it means

nextText accumulates text events (CHARACTERS, CDATA, resolved entities; comments skipped) and requires the element to close immediately after the text. Any other event - practically a nested START_ELEMENT - is mixed content, which a flat string field cannot represent, so the reader throws with the offending event code appended.

Source

Thrown at src/mdo/reader-stax.vm:701

            } else if (eventType == XMLStreamReader.ENTITY_REFERENCE) {
                String val = null;
                if (strict) {
                    throw new XMLStreamException("Entities are not supported in strict mode", parser.getLocation(), null);
                } else if (addDefaultEntities) {
                    val = DefaultEntitiesHolder.DEFAULT_ENTITIES.get(parser.getLocalName());
                }
                if (val != null) {
                    result.append(val);
                } else {
                    result.append("&").append(parser.getLocalName()).append(";");
                }
            } else if (eventType != XMLStreamReader.COMMENT) {
                break;
            }
            eventType = parser.next();
        }
        if (eventType != XMLStreamReader.END_ELEMENT) {
            throw new XMLStreamException(
                "TEXT must be immediately followed by END_ELEMENT and not " + eventType /*TODO: TYPES[eventType]*/, parser.getLocation(), null);
        }
        return result.toString();
    }

#if ( $locationTracking )
    private XmlNode buildXmlNode(XMLStreamReader parser, InputSource inputSrc) throws XMLStreamException {
        return XmlService.read(parser,
                addLocationInformation
                        ? p -> InputLocation.of(p.getLocation().getLineNumber(), p.getLocation().getColumnNumber(), inputSrc)
                        : null);
    }
#else
    private XmlNode buildXmlNode(XMLStreamReader parser) throws XMLStreamException {
        return XmlService.read(parser);
    }
#end

View on GitHub (pinned to e4093d4e12)

Solutions

Remove the nested markup, or put the entire rich-text run into a CDATA section so it stays one text node.
If structured children are required there, the model must define them - a model change, not a caller-side fix.
Reject such documents at intake with a targeted message.

Example fix

<!-- before -->
<description>see <code>foo</code> here</description>

<!-- after -->
<description><![CDATA[see <code>foo</code> here]]></description>

Defensive patterns

Strategy: try-catch

Try / catch

try {
    Model model = reader.read(in, true);
} catch (XMLStreamException e) {
    if (e.getMessage() != null && e.getMessage().startsWith("TEXT must be immediately followed")) {
        // mixed content in a text field: report location, ask producer to escape/CDATA the text
    }
    throw e;
}

Prevention

Keep markup out of text fields; wrap rich text in CDATA.
Escape tag-like content when generating XML.
Validate with XSD - most schemas reject mixed content in these fields.

When it happens

Trigger: A text-only model field contains markup: <description>see <code>foo</code> here</description>, or any child element plus text inside a field the model defines as a simple string.

Common situations: HTML snippets pasted into description/name fields; templating systems injecting tags into element bodies.

Related errors

AI-assisted analysis of apache/maven@e4093d4e12 (2026-08-21). Data as JSON: /api/errors/7153677de807e04d. Report an issue: GitHub.