{"record":{"id":"101f1c369a29380c","repo":"nautechsystems/nautilus_trader","slug":"failed-to-sign-e","errorCode":null,"errorMessage":"Failed to sign: {e}","messagePattern":"Failed to sign: (.+?)","errorType":"exception","errorClass":null,"httpStatus":null,"severity":"error","filePath":"crates/adapters/dydx/src/common/credential.rs","lineNumber":204,"sourceCode":"    }\n\n    /// Signs a transaction SignDoc.\n    ///\n    /// This produces the signature bytes that will be included in the transaction.\n    ///\n    /// # Errors\n    ///\n    /// Returns an error if SignDoc serialization or signing fails.\n    pub fn sign(&self, sign_doc: &SignDoc) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<u8>> {\n        let sign_bytes = sign_doc\n            .clone()\n            .into_bytes()\n            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!(\"Failed to serialize SignDoc: {e}\"))?;\n\n        let signature = self\n            .signing_key\n            .sign(&sign_bytes)\n            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!(\"Failed to sign: {e}\"))?;\n        Ok(signature.to_bytes().to_vec())\n    }\n\n    /// Signs raw message bytes.\n    ///\n    /// Used for custom signing operations outside of standard transaction flow.\n    ///\n    /// # Errors\n    ///\n    /// Returns an error if signing fails.\n    pub fn sign_bytes(&self, message: &[u8]) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<u8>> {\n        let signature = self\n            .signing_key\n            .sign(message)\n            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!(\"Failed to sign: {e}\"))?;\n        Ok(signature.to_bytes().to_vec())\n    }\n","sourceCodeStart":186,"sourceCodeEnd":222,"githubUrl":"https://github.com/nautechsystems/nautilus_trader/blob/18893faf8b356be3320add8de2f861b0b647cf06/crates/adapters/dydx/src/common/credential.rs#L186-L222","documentation":"This error wraps a failure from the underlying ECDSA/K256 signing key when signing a Cosmos SignDoc transaction during dYdX credential signing. The library throws it whenever the cryptographic signing operation itself fails, before the signature can be returned as raw bytes. It indicates a problem with the signing key material or the signing operation, not with the transaction content.","triggerScenarios":"Calling `Credential::sign` with a SignDoc whose serialized bytes the `signing_key.sign(&sign_bytes)` call rejects — e.g. a corrupted, zeroed, or otherwise invalid signing key (k256 error) raised through `map_err(anyhow!)`.","commonSituations":"Mnemonic/private key was loaded incorrectly or truncated, a key derived from an invalid mnemonic, corrupted keyfile, or a dependency (k256/rust-crypto) returning an internal signing failure on malformed input bytes.","solutions":["Verify the private key/mnemonic used to construct the credential is valid and derives a correct signing key","Re-create the credential from the original mnemonic rather than a stored/serialized key","Check that the SignDoc bytes are well-formed (serialize step succeeded immediately before this call)","Update the k256/crypto dependencies if the failure is an internal library error"],"exampleFix":"// before\nlet cred = Credential::from_hex(&stale_hex_key)?;\nlet sig = cred.sign(sign_doc)?;\n// after\nlet cred = Credential::from_mnemonic(MNEMONIC)?; // re-derive from source of truth\nassert!(!sig.is_empty());\nlet sig = cred.sign(sign_doc)?;","handlingStrategy":"try-catch","validationCode":"// Rust: check key derives before signing\nlet _pk = cred.public_key(); // construction failure would already surface; treat sign errors as key-material faults","typeGuard":"fn key_is_usable(cred: &Credential) -> bool { cred.public_key() != PublicKey::default() }","tryCatchPattern":"match cred.sign(&sign_doc) {\n    Ok(sig) => sig,\n    Err(e) => { log::error!(\"sign failed: {e}\"); rebuild_credential_from_mnemonic()?.sign(&sign_doc)? }\n}","preventionTips":["Store and derive keys only from the original mnemonic","Validate credential construction at startup, not at sign time","Keep k256 dependencies pinned and tested"],"tags":["crypto","signing","dydx"],"backgroundTag":"invalid-argument-value","analyzedSha":"18893faf8b356be3320add8de2f861b0b647cf06","analyzedAt":"2026-09-08T20:49:34.690Z","contentChangedAt":"2026-09-08T20:49:34.690Z","schemaVersion":2},"datasetVersion":"2026-09-14T05:17:10.506Z"}