{"record":{"id":"6d1545f05291e4b4","repo":"nautechsystems/nautilus_trader","slug":"failed-to-create-signing-key-e","errorCode":null,"errorMessage":"Failed to create signing key: {e}","messagePattern":"Failed to create signing key: (.+?)","errorType":"exception","errorClass":"anyhow::Error","httpStatus":null,"severity":"error","filePath":"crates/adapters/dydx/src/execution/wallet.rs","lineNumber":122,"sourceCode":"            private_key_bytes: key_bytes.into_boxed_slice(),\n            address,\n            account_id,\n        })\n    }\n\n    /// Get a dYdX account with zero account and sequence numbers.\n    ///\n    /// Creates an account using the pre-computed address/account_id.\n    /// SigningKey is recreated from stored bytes (it doesn't implement Clone).\n    /// Account and sequence numbers must be set before signing.\n    ///\n    /// # Errors\n    ///\n    /// Returns an error if the signing key creation fails.\n    pub fn account_offline(&self) -> Result<Account, anyhow::Error> {\n        // SigningKey doesn't impl Clone, so recreate from stored bytes\n        let key = SigningKey::from_slice(&self.private_key_bytes)\n            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!(\"Failed to create signing key: {e}\"))?;\n\n        Ok(Account {\n            address: self.address.clone(),\n            account_id: self.account_id.clone(),\n            key,\n            account_number: 0,\n            sequence_number: 0,\n        })\n    }\n\n    /// Returns the pre-computed wallet address.\n    #[must_use]\n    pub fn address(&self) -> &str {\n        &self.address\n    }\n}\n\n/// Represents a dYdX account.","sourceCodeStart":104,"sourceCodeEnd":140,"githubUrl":"https://github.com/nautechsystems/nautilus_trader/blob/18893faf8b356be3320add8de2f861b0b647cf06/crates/adapters/dydx/src/execution/wallet.rs#L104-L140","documentation":"Because SigningKey does not implement Clone, account_offline re-creates the secp256k1 signing key from the wallet's stored private key bytes each time it needs a cosmos Account. This error is returned if that reconstruction fails, meaning the stored bytes are no longer (or never were) a valid key scalar.","triggerScenarios":"Calling DydxWallet::account_offline when SigningKey::from_slice(&self.private_key_bytes) fails — corrupted or wrongly-sized private_key_bytes, or a wallet constructed through a path that skipped key validation.","commonSituations":"Deserializing a wallet from a snapshot/state file whose key bytes were truncated or corrupted; manually constructing the struct in tests with dummy bytes; memory corruption is rare — usually the stored bytes were never a valid 32-byte scalar.","solutions":["Re-create the wallet via DydxWallet::from_private_key with the original hex key instead of reconstructing it manually.","Verify the stored private_key_bytes are exactly 32 bytes and within the valid secp256k1 range.","If persisted state is corrupted, re-export the key from its source and rebuild the wallet.","Ensure any serialization/deserialization of the wallet does not alter the key bytes (e.g. base64 vs hex confusion)."],"exampleFix":"// before: hand-built wallet with dummy bytes\n// let wallet = DydxWallet { private_key_bytes: vec![0u8; 16].into_boxed_slice(), ... };\n// let acct = wallet.account_offline()?; // fails\n// after\nlet wallet = DydxWallet::from_private_key(&hex_key)?;\nlet acct = wallet.account_offline()?;","handlingStrategy":"validation","validationCode":"assert_eq!(wallet_key_bytes.len(), 32, \"stored key must be 32 bytes\");","typeGuard":null,"tryCatchPattern":"let account = wallet.account_offline()\n    .map_err(|e| {\n        log::error!(\"signing key reconstruction failed: {e}; rebuild wallet from hex key\");\n        e\n    })?;","preventionTips":["Only construct wallets via DydxWallet::from_private_key","Avoid serializing/deserializing wallet internals; persist the hex key and rebuild","Recreate the wallet if key bytes may have been corrupted in state"],"tags":["dydx","crypto","secp256k1","wallet","signing"],"backgroundTag":"invalid-argument-value","analyzedSha":"18893faf8b356be3320add8de2f861b0b647cf06","analyzedAt":"2026-09-08T20:49:34.690Z","contentChangedAt":"2026-09-08T20:49:34.690Z","schemaVersion":2},"datasetVersion":"2026-09-14T05:17:10.506Z"}