{"record":{"id":"7fd1d1a3884e2f00","repo":"hibernate/hibernate-orm","slug":"unlabeled-ordinal-parameter-rather-than-1","errorCode":null,"errorMessage":"Unlabeled ordinal parameter ('?' rather than ?1)","messagePattern":"Unlabeled ordinal parameter \\('\\?' rather than \\?1\\)","errorType":"exception","errorClass":"ParameterLabelException","httpStatus":null,"severity":"error","filePath":"hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/query/hql/internal/SemanticQueryBuilder.java","lineNumber":4514,"sourceCode":"\t\t\t\tnew SqmNamedParameter<>(\n\t\t\t\t\t\tctx.getChild( 1 ).getText(),\n\t\t\t\t\t\tparameterDeclarationContextStack.getCurrent().isMultiValuedBindingAllowed(),\n\t\t\t\t\t\texpressibleType,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tnodeBuilder()\n\t\t\t\t)\n\t\t);\n\t}\n\n\t@Override\n\tpublic SqmPositionalParameter<?> visitPositionalParameter(HqlParser.PositionalParameterContext ctx) {\n\t\treturn visitPositionalParameter( ctx, null );\n\t}\n\n\tprivate <T> SqmPositionalParameter<T> visitPositionalParameter(\n\t\t\tHqlParser.PositionalParameterContext ctx,\n\t\t\tSqmBindableType<T> expressibleType) {\n\t\tif ( ctx.getChildCount() == 1 ) {\n\t\t\tthrow new ParameterLabelException( \"Unlabeled ordinal parameter ('?' rather than ?1)\" );\n\t\t}\n\t\tparameterStyle = parameterStyle.withPositional();\n\t\treturn resolveParameter(\n\t\t\t\tnew SqmPositionalParameter<>(\n\t\t\t\t\t\tInteger.parseInt( ctx.getChild( 1 ).getText() ),\n\t\t\t\t\t\tparameterDeclarationContextStack.getCurrent().isMultiValuedBindingAllowed(),\n\t\t\t\t\t\texpressibleType,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tnodeBuilder()\n\t\t\t\t)\n\t\t);\n\t}\n\n\tprivate <T extends AbstractSqmParameter<?>> T resolveParameter(T parameter) {\n\t\tif ( parameters == null ) {\n\t\t\tparameters = new HashMap<>();\n\t\t}\n\t\tfinal Object key = parameter.getName() == null ? parameter.getPosition() : parameter.getName();\n\t\tfinal var existingParameter = parameters.putIfAbsent( key, parameter );","sourceCodeStart":4496,"sourceCodeEnd":4532,"githubUrl":"https://github.com/hibernate/hibernate-orm/blob/fad1729dce015f908198d57a8d80274a30f905a5/hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/query/hql/internal/SemanticQueryBuilder.java#L4496-L4532","documentation":"Error \"Unlabeled ordinal parameter ('?' rather than ?1)\" thrown in hibernate/hibernate-orm.","triggerScenarios":"A bare '?' placeholder is used instead of a labelled ordinal parameter: Unlabeled ordinal parameter ('?' rather than ?1)","commonSituations":"HQL queries written with unlabelled '?' placeholders; Hibernate requires '?1', '?2', ... labels.","solutions":["Ordinal parameters must be labelled starting from ?1; a bare '?' is not allowed here. Replace '?' with an explicitly numbered parameter such as ?1, or use a named parameter."],"exampleFix":null,"handlingStrategy":null,"validationCode":null,"typeGuard":null,"tryCatchPattern":null,"preventionTips":[],"tags":[],"backgroundTag":null,"analyzedSha":"fad1729dce015f908198d57a8d80274a30f905a5","analyzedAt":"2026-08-22T04:13:57.527Z","schemaVersion":2},"datasetVersion":"2026-08-22T09:17:25.309Z"}