{"record":{"id":"97a3735de072551c","repo":"kubernetes/kops","slug":"failed-to-read-q-certificates-w","errorCode":null,"errorMessage":"failed to read %q certificates: %w","messagePattern":"failed to read %q certificates: %w","errorType":"exception","errorClass":null,"httpStatus":null,"severity":"error","filePath":"pkg/nodemodel/nodeupconfigbuilder.go","lineNumber":470,"sourceCode":"\t\tbaseURL := url.URL{\n\t\t\tScheme: \"https\",\n\t\t\tHost:   net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(wellknownports.KopsControllerPort)),\n\t\t\tPath:   \"/\",\n\t\t}\n\t\tconfigServer.Servers = append(configServer.Servers, baseURL.String())\n\t}\n\n\treturn configServer\n}\n\nfunc loadCertificates(keysets map[string]*fi.Keyset, name string, config *nodeup.Config, includeKeypairID bool) error {\n\tkeyset := keysets[name]\n\tif keyset == nil {\n\t\treturn fmt.Errorf(\"key %q not found\", name)\n\t}\n\tcertificates, err := keyset.ToCertificateBytes()\n\tif err != nil {\n\t\treturn fmt.Errorf(\"failed to read %q certificates: %w\", name, err)\n\t}\n\tconfig.CAs[name] = string(certificates)\n\tif includeKeypairID {\n\t\tif keyset.Primary == nil || keyset.Primary.Id == \"\" {\n\t\t\treturn fmt.Errorf(\"key %q did not have primary id set\", name)\n\t\t}\n\t\tconfig.KeypairIDs[name] = keyset.Primary.Id\n\t}\n\treturn nil\n}\n\n// buildWarmPoolImages returns a list of container images that should be pre-pulled during instance pre-initialization\nfunc (n *nodeUpConfigBuilder) buildWarmPoolImages(ig *kops.InstanceGroup) []string {\n\tif ig == nil || ig.Spec.Role.HasControlPlane() {\n\t\treturn nil\n\t}\n\n\timages := map[string]bool{}","sourceCodeStart":452,"sourceCodeEnd":488,"githubUrl":"https://github.com/kubernetes/kops/blob/4c8573c808a73d578c5eadc86d410646ea0b0d73/pkg/nodemodel/nodeupconfigbuilder.go#L452-L488","documentation":"After finding the requested keyset, loadCertificates calls keyset.ToCertificateBytes() to serialize the CA certificates into PEM bytes for config.CAs. This error wraps any failure of that serialization — typically a keyset with no usable certificate data or corrupted items.","triggerScenarios":"BuildConfig -> loadCertificates on a keyset that exists in the map but whose items cannot be converted to certificate bytes: keyset with zero items, items with malformed/empty PEM data, or an underlying storage read failure while materializing the keyset items.","commonSituations":"Interrupted `kops update cluster` left a keyset created but never populated with certificate data; state-store object corruption or truncated writes (S3/GCS/etcd backend); manually editing files under the state store's keys/ directory; decrypt/VFS read errors surfaced through the wrapped error.","solutions":["Inspect the wrapped error in the message to distinguish storage I/O issues from malformed data; fix state-store access (credentials, permissions) if it is an I/O error.","Regenerate the broken keyset: delete the corrupt keypair (`kops delete secret <name>` / keypair API) then `kops update cluster --yes` to recreate it.","Restore the keyset object from the state-store backup or versioning (S3 object versions) to a state with valid certificate items.","Run `kops toolbox dump` / inspect the keyset to confirm the primary item has non-empty cert data before retrying."],"exampleFix":"// before: corrupt keyset in state store\ns3://bucket/cluster/keys/kubernetes-ca/  (empty item.yaml)\n// after\n$ kops delete secret kubernetes-ca --yes && kops update cluster --yes  # recreated with valid PEM","handlingStrategy":"try-catch","validationCode":"ks := keysets[name]\nif ks == nil {\n    return fmt.Errorf(\"keyset %q missing\", name)\n}\nif ks.Primary == nil || len(ks.Primary.Certificates) == 0 {\n    return fmt.Errorf(\"keyset %q has no certificate data; recreate it with kops update cluster\", name)\n}","typeGuard":"func keysetHasCertificates(ks *fi.Keyset) bool {\n    return ks != nil && ks.Primary != nil && len(ks.Primary.Certificates) > 0\n}","tryCatchPattern":"if err := loadCertificates(keysets, name, config, true); err != nil {\n    if strings.Contains(err.Error(), \"failed to read\") {\n        // keyset exists but data unreadable/corrupt: check state-store health, recreate keyset\n        return fmt.Errorf(\"keyset %q unreadable; verify state store or recreate keypair: %w\", name, err)\n    }\n    return err\n}","preventionTips":["Avoid interrupting `kops update cluster` runs (they write keysets non-atomically); re-run on failure","Enable versioning on the state store bucket so truncated writes are recoverable","Do not edit keyset files under the state store by hand","Verify state-store credentials/permissions before config-building against a remote store"],"tags":["pki","certificates","keyset","state-store","nodeup"],"backgroundTag":"corrupt-certificate-keyset","analyzedSha":"4c8573c808a73d578c5eadc86d410646ea0b0d73","analyzedAt":"2026-09-05T04:13:19.212Z","contentChangedAt":"2026-09-05T04:13:19.212Z","schemaVersion":2},"datasetVersion":"2026-09-12T12:17:11.808Z"}