chroma-core/chroma · error · ValueError

$and cannot be combined with other fields in the same dict

Error message

$and cannot be combined with other fields in the same dict

What it means

Error "$and cannot be combined with other fields in the same dict" thrown in chroma-core/chroma.

Source

Thrown at chromadb/execution/expression/operator.py:106

        - {"$and": [conditions]} -> condition1 & condition2 & ...
        - {"$or": [conditions]} -> condition1 | condition2 | ...
        """
        if not isinstance(data, dict):
            raise TypeError(f"Expected dict for Where, got {type(data).__name__}")

        if not data:
            raise ValueError("Where dict cannot be empty")

        # Handle logical operators
        if "$and" in data:
            if not isinstance(data["$and"], list):
                raise TypeError(
                    f"$and must be a list, got {type(data['$and']).__name__}"
                )
            if len(data["$and"]) == 0:
                raise ValueError("$and requires at least one condition")
            if len(data) > 1:
                raise ValueError(
                    "$and cannot be combined with other fields in the same dict"
                )

            conditions = [Where.from_dict(c) for c in data["$and"]]
            if len(conditions) == 1:
                return conditions[0]
            result = conditions[0]
            for c in conditions[1:]:
                result = result & c
            return result

        elif "$or" in data:
            if not isinstance(data["$or"], list):
                raise TypeError(f"$or must be a list, got {type(data['$or']).__name__}")
            if len(data["$or"]) == 0:
                raise ValueError("$or requires at least one condition")
            if len(data) > 1:
                raise ValueError(

View on GitHub (pinned to aecdd12c8a)

When it happens

Trigger: Thrown at chromadb/execution/expression/operator.py:106 when the library encounters an invalid state.

Common situations: See trigger scenarios.

AI-assisted analysis of chroma-core/chroma@aecdd12c8a (2026-08-16). Data as JSON: /api/errors/d988403f5b758aa0. Report an issue: GitHub.