chroma-core/chroma · error · ValueError

$or cannot be combined with other fields in the same dict

Error message

$or cannot be combined with other fields in the same dict

What it means

Error "$or cannot be combined with other fields in the same dict" thrown in chroma-core/chroma.

Source

Thrown at chromadb/execution/expression/operator.py:124

                raise ValueError(
                    "$and cannot be combined with other fields in the same dict"
                )

            conditions = [Where.from_dict(c) for c in data["$and"]]
            if len(conditions) == 1:
                return conditions[0]
            result = conditions[0]
            for c in conditions[1:]:
                result = result & c
            return result

        elif "$or" in data:
            if not isinstance(data["$or"], list):
                raise TypeError(f"$or must be a list, got {type(data['$or']).__name__}")
            if len(data["$or"]) == 0:
                raise ValueError("$or requires at least one condition")
            if len(data) > 1:
                raise ValueError(
                    "$or cannot be combined with other fields in the same dict"
                )

            conditions = [Where.from_dict(c) for c in data["$or"]]
            if len(conditions) == 1:
                return conditions[0]
            result = conditions[0]
            for c in conditions[1:]:
                result = result | c
            return result

        else:
            # Single field condition
            if len(data) != 1:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Where dict must contain exactly one field, got {len(data)}"
                )

View on GitHub (pinned to aecdd12c8a)

When it happens

Trigger: Thrown at chromadb/execution/expression/operator.py:124 when the library encounters an invalid state.

Common situations: See trigger scenarios.

AI-assisted analysis of chroma-core/chroma@aecdd12c8a (2026-08-16). Data as JSON: /api/errors/a507be762bc87eee. Report an issue: GitHub.