{"id":"ee3e82e020be2c86","repo":"square/retrofit","slug":"result-must-be-parameterized-as-result-foo-or-res","errorCode":null,"errorMessage":"Result must be parameterized as Result<Foo> or Result<? extends Foo>","messagePattern":"Result must be parameterized as Result<Foo> or Result<\\? extends Foo>","errorType":"exception","errorClass":"IllegalStateException","httpStatus":null,"severity":"error","filePath":"retrofit-adapters/rxjava/src/main/java/retrofit2/adapter/rxjava/RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.java","lineNumber":134,"sourceCode":"              + \" return type must be parameterized\"\n              + \" as \"\n              + name\n              + \"<Foo> or \"\n              + name\n              + \"<? extends Foo>\");\n    }\n\n    Type observableType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) returnType);\n    Class<?> rawObservableType = getRawType(observableType);\n    if (rawObservableType == Response.class) {\n      if (!(observableType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {\n        throw new IllegalStateException(\n            \"Response must be parameterized\" + \" as Response<Foo> or Response<? extends Foo>\");\n      }\n      responseType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) observableType);\n    } else if (rawObservableType == Result.class) {\n      if (!(observableType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {\n        throw new IllegalStateException(\n            \"Result must be parameterized\" + \" as Result<Foo> or Result<? extends Foo>\");\n      }\n      responseType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) observableType);\n      isResult = true;\n    } else {\n      responseType = observableType;\n      isBody = true;\n    }\n\n    return new RxJavaCallAdapter(\n        responseType, scheduler, isAsync, isResult, isBody, isSingle, false);\n  }\n}\n","sourceCodeStart":116,"sourceCodeEnd":148,"githubUrl":"https://github.com/square/retrofit/blob/d0b112dad073b7fe49c953ebc46ff1b424cb1e51/retrofit-adapters/rxjava/src/main/java/retrofit2/adapter/rxjava/RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.java#L116-L148","documentation":"Thrown by RxJavaCallAdapterFactory when the outer reactive type is parameterized with raw `Result`. The factory needs `Result<T>` (see Result.java) to extract the body type T; raw Result fails the check at RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.java:133. Result wraps both successful responses and errors into one emission so neither invokes onError.","triggerScenarios":"A service method returns `Observable<Result>` or `Single<Result>` (raw Result) instead of `Observable<Result<User>>`.","commonSituations":"Choosing the Result strategy (which routes both HTTP errors and transport errors to onNext) and forgetting the inner generic; autocompleting Result without its argument.","solutions":["Parameterize Result: `Observable<Result<User>> getUser();`.","If you prefer standard Rx error semantics, drop Result and use `Observable<User>` (HttpException on non-2xx) or `Observable<Response<User>>`."],"exampleFix":"// before\n@GET(\"users/{id}\")\nObservable<Result> getUser(@Path(\"id\") String id);\n\n// after\n@GET(\"users/{id}\")\nObservable<Result<User>> getUser(@Path(\"id\") String id);","handlingStrategy":"validation","validationCode":"for (Method m : MyService.class.getDeclaredMethods()) {\n    Type rt = m.getGenericReturnType();\n    if (rt instanceof ParameterizedType\n            && ((ParameterizedType) rt).getActualTypeArguments()[0] == retrofit2.adapter.rxjava.Result.class) {\n        throw new IllegalStateException(m + \" uses raw Result inside an RxJava type.\");\n    }\n}","typeGuard":null,"tryCatchPattern":"// Surface in a wiring test:\ntry {\n    retrofit.create(MyService.class).getUser(\"1\");\n} catch (IllegalStateException e) {\n    if (e.getMessage().contains(\"Result must be parameterized\")) {\n        throw new IllegalStateException(\"Fix raw Result<> inside RxJava return in MyService.\", e);\n    }\n    throw e;\n}","preventionTips":["Remember Result<> exists specifically to capture errors as data, not exceptions.","Always parameterize wrappers (Response<>, Result<>).","Smoke-test each service method in CI."],"tags":["retrofit","rxjava","java","reflection","result-wrapper"],"analyzedSha":"d0b112dad073b7fe49c953ebc46ff1b424cb1e51","analyzedAt":"2026-08-04T19:12:59.096Z","schemaVersion":2}