hibernate/hibernate-orm · error · IllegalStateException

CDI BeanManager is not known to be ready for use and the fal

Error message

CDI BeanManager is not known to be ready for use and the fallback-producer was unable to create the bean

What it means

JpaCompliantLifecycleStrategy.BeanImpl initializes beans: with no BeanManager available (beanManager == null), it falls back to the BeanInstanceProducer - by default reflective direct instantiation. When that fallback also fails, Hibernate throws IllegalStateException('CDI BeanManager is not known to be ready for use and the fallback-producer was unable to create the bean') wrapping NotYetReadyException. The requested unnamed bean could be neither CDI-resolved nor directly instantiated.

Source

Thrown at hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/resource/beans/container/internal/JpaCompliantLifecycleStrategy.java:114

			return beanInstance;
		}

		@Override
		public void initialize() {
			if ( beanInstance != null ) {
				return;
			}

			if ( beanManager == null ) {
				try {
					beanInstance = fallbackProducer.produceBeanInstance( beanType );
					return;
				}
				catch (Exception e) {
					// the CDI BeanManager is not know to be ready for use and the
					// fallback-producer was unable to create the bean...
					throw new IllegalStateException(
							"CDI BeanManager is not known to be ready for use and the fallback-producer was unable to create the bean",
							new NotYetReadyException( e )
					);
				}
			}

			final AnnotatedType<B> annotatedType;
			try {
				annotatedType = beanManager.createAnnotatedType( beanType );
			}
			catch (Exception e) {
				throw new IllegalStateException( new NotYetReadyException( e ) );
			}

			try {
				injectionTarget = beanManager.getInjectionTargetFactory( annotatedType ).createInjectionTarget( null );
				creationalContext = beanManager.createCreationalContext( null );

View on GitHub (pinned to fad1729dce)

Solutions

1. Give the class a public no-arg constructor so the fallback producer can instantiate it.
2. Make the class a public top-level or static nested class (non-static inner classes cannot be reflectively constructed).
3. Configure a real BeanContainer/BeanManager so the CDI path (not the fallback) creates the bean.
4. If the constructor throws, fix that root cause first - it is wrapped in the exception chain.

Example fix

// before
public class AuditListener {
    public AuditListener(AuditService svc) { ... } // only constructor takes arguments
}
// no CDI -> fallback 'new' fails -> IllegalStateException

// after
public class AuditListener {
    public AuditListener() { } // public no-arg constructor for direct instantiation
}

// before boot: every class Hibernate may instantiate must be directly instantiable
static boolean directlyInstantiable(Class<?> c) {
    try {
        java.lang.reflect.Constructor<?> ctor = c.getDeclaredConstructor();
        ctor.setAccessible(true);
        return true;
    } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
        return false;
    }
}

if (!directlyInstantiable(AuditListener.class)) throw new IllegalStateException("missing no-arg ctor");

try {
    emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("pu", props);
} catch (IllegalStateException e) {
    if (e.getCause() instanceof org.hibernate.resource.beans.container.internal.NotYetReadyException) {
        // no BeanManager AND fallback instantiation failed: fix ctor or configure CDI
        throw new ConfigurationException("Bean neither CDI-resolvable nor directly instantiable", e);
    }
    throw e;
}

When it happens

Trigger: An unnamed bean is requested while no usable BeanManager exists and the class cannot be reflectively instantiated: missing or inaccessible no-arg constructor (final/inner non-static class, JPMS strong encapsulation blocking setAccessible), abstract/interface class, or a constructor that throws.

Common situations: SE apps without CDI where an entity listener or integrator class has only constructor-injection constructors; Kotlin/Scala classes without a default constructor; JPMS deployments where reflective access is denied; constructors that fail on missing dependencies.

Related errors

• Could not instantiate managed bean directly
• Bean class not known to CDI : {}
• Could not instantiate event listener '{}'
• Unable to instantiate StatementObserver - {}
• Could not instantiate named strategy class [{}]

AI-assisted analysis of hibernate/hibernate-orm@fad1729dce (2026-08-22). Data as JSON: /api/errors/fe8fa58013df138d. Report an issue: GitHub.