hibernate/hibernate-orm · error · StrictJpaComplianceViolation

HQL_COLLECTION_FUNCTION

HQL_COLLECTION_FUNCTION

Error message

Strict JPA query language compliance was violated: use of HQL collection functions (maxelement, minelement, maxindex, minindex, elements, indices)

What it means

Error "Strict JPA query language compliance was violated: use of HQL collection functions (maxelement, minelement, maxindex, minindex, elements, indices)" thrown in hibernate/hibernate-orm.

Source

Thrown at hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/query/hql/internal/SemanticQueryBuilder.java:1489

		if ( expressionOrPredicate.expression()
					instanceof HqlParser.BarePrimaryExpressionContext barePrimaryExpression
				&& barePrimaryExpression.primaryExpression()
						instanceof HqlParser.FunctionExpressionContext functionExpression
				&& functionExpression.pathContinuation() == null
				&& functionExpression.slicedPathAccessFragment() == null
				&& functionExpression.indexedPathAccessFragment() == null ) {
			final var collectionFunctionMisuse = functionExpression.function().collectionFunctionMisuse();
			if ( collectionFunctionMisuse != null ) {
				return visitCollectionFunctionSelection( collectionFunctionMisuse );
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

	private SqmPluralPartSelectionPath<?> visitCollectionFunctionSelection(
			HqlParser.CollectionFunctionMisuseContext ctx) {
		if ( getCreationOptions().useStrictJpaCompliance() ) {
			throw new StrictJpaComplianceViolation( StrictJpaComplianceViolation.Type.HQL_COLLECTION_FUNCTION );
		}

		final var pluralAttributePath = consumeDomainPath( ctx.path() );
		final var firstNode = (TerminalNode) ctx.getChild( 0 ).getChild( 0 );

		if ( !( pluralAttributePath.getReferencedPathSource() instanceof PluralPersistentAttribute<?, ?, ?> ) ) {
			throw new FunctionArgumentException(
					String.format(
							"Argument '%s' of '%s()' function is not a plural path ",
							pluralAttributePath.getNavigablePath(),
							firstNode.getSymbol().getText()
					)
			);
		}

		return new SqmPluralPartSelectionPath<>(
				(SqmPluralValuedSimplePath<?>) pluralAttributePath,
				collectionFunctionNature( firstNode )

View on GitHub (pinned to fad1729dce)

Solutions

1. Disable strict JPA compliance to use HQL collection functions.
2. Rewrite using standard JPA constructs (joins/subqueries).

When it happens

Trigger: An HQL extension is used while strict JPQL compliance is enabled.

Common situations: Running HQL-specific syntax (CTEs, limit/offset, collection functions) with hibernate.jpa.compliance.query=true.

AI-assisted analysis of hibernate/hibernate-orm@fad1729dce (2026-08-22). Data as JSON: /api/errors/32adea44e2a742fe. Report an issue: GitHub.