hibernate/hibernate-orm · error · IllegalArgumentException

Passed properties contained both a LOAD and a FETCH graph wh

Error message

Passed properties contained both a LOAD and a FETCH graph which is illegal - only one should be passed

What it means

Error "Passed properties contained both a LOAD and a FETCH graph which is illegal - only one should be passed" thrown in hibernate/hibernate-orm.

Source

Thrown at hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/internal/SessionImpl.java:2231

		final var options = determineFindOptions( lockMode, properties );
		final var entityDescriptor = requireEntityPersisterForLoad( entityClass );
		return byKeyWithGraph( entityClass, entityDescriptor, properties, options )
				.performFind( primaryKey );
	}

	private <T> FindByKeyOperation<T> byKeyWithGraph(
			Class<T> entityClass,
			EntityPersister entityDescriptor,
			Map<String, Object> properties,
			FindOption[] options) {
		final var fetchHint = fetchGraphFromHints( properties );
		final var loadHint = loadGraphFromHints( properties );
		final GraphSemantic graphSemantic;
		final RootGraphImplementor<?> graph;
		if ( fetchHint != null ) {
			if ( loadHint != null ) {
				// can't have both
				throw new IllegalArgumentException(
						"Passed properties contained both a LOAD and a FETCH graph which is illegal - " +
						"only one should be passed"
				);
			}
			graphSemantic = GraphSemantic.FETCH;
			graph = fetchHint;
		}
		else if ( loadHint != null ) {
			graphSemantic = GraphSemantic.LOAD;
			graph = loadHint;
		}
		else {
			graphSemantic = null;
			graph = null;
		}
		if ( graph != null && graph.getGraphedType().getJavaType() != entityClass ) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Fetch graph has wrong root type" );
		}

View on GitHub (pinned to fad1729dce)

Solutions

1. Pass either a jakarta.persistence.loadgraph or a fetchgraph hint, not both, when calling find()/query hints.
2. Remove one of the two graph hints from the properties map.

When it happens

Trigger: Thrown at hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/internal/SessionImpl.java:2231 when the library encounters an invalid state.

Common situations: See trigger scenarios.

AI-assisted analysis of hibernate/hibernate-orm@fad1729dce (2026-08-22). Data as JSON: /api/errors/90804882a9fe44ad. Report an issue: GitHub.