hibernate/hibernate-orm · error · StrictJpaComplianceViolation

Strict JPA query language compliance was violated: use of HQ

Error message

Strict JPA query language compliance was violated: use of HQL collection functions (maxelement, minelement, maxindex, minindex, elements, indices)

What it means

Error "Strict JPA query language compliance was violated: use of HQL collection functions (maxelement, minelement, maxindex, minindex, elements, indices)" thrown in hibernate/hibernate-orm.

Source

Thrown at hibernate-core/src/main/java/org/hibernate/query/hql/internal/SemanticQueryBuilder.java:5224

		}
		else if ( predicate != null ) {
			if ( getCreationOptions().useStrictJpaCompliance() ) {
				throw new StrictJpaComplianceViolation( StrictJpaComplianceViolation.Type.FUNCTION_CALL );
			}
			final var argument = (SqmExpression<?>) predicate.accept( this );
			return applyOverClause(
					ctx.overClause(),
					getFunctionDescriptor( "every" ).generateAggregateSqmExpression(
							singletonList( argument ),
							getFilterExpression( ctx ),
							nodeBuilder().getBooleanType(),
							queryEngine()
					)
			);
		}
		else {
			if ( getCreationOptions().useStrictJpaCompliance() ) {
				throw new StrictJpaComplianceViolation( StrictJpaComplianceViolation.Type.HQL_COLLECTION_FUNCTION );
			}
			return new SqmEvery<>(
					createCollectionReferenceSubQuery(
							ctx.simplePath(),
							(TerminalNode) ctx.collectionQuantifier().getChild(0).getChild(0)
					),
					nodeBuilder()
			);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public SqmExpression<?> visitAnyFunction(HqlParser.AnyFunctionContext ctx) {
		if ( ctx.subquery() != null ) {
			final var subquery = (SqmSubQuery<?>) ctx.subquery().accept( this );
			return new SqmAny<>( subquery, nodeBuilder() );
		}
		else if ( ctx.predicate() != null ) {

View on GitHub (pinned to fad1729dce)

Solutions

1. HQL collection functions (maxelement, minelement, maxindex, minindex, elements, indices) are not JPA-standard. Rewrite using joins/subqueries, or relax strict JPA compliance.

When it happens

Trigger: An HQL-specific construct is used while strict JPQL compliance is enabled: Strict JPA query language compliance was violated: use of HQL collection functions (maxelement, minelement, maxindex, minindex, elements, indices)

Common situations: Applications running with hibernate.jpa.compliance.query=true (or JPA-compliance mode) that submit queries using Hibernate extensions such as collations, tuples/row value constructors, HQL collection functions (maxelement/elements/indices), value()/key() on non-Map types, or non-standard function calls without FUNCTION() syntax.

AI-assisted analysis of hibernate/hibernate-orm@fad1729dce (2026-08-22). Data as JSON: /api/errors/e89e193a0e626765. Report an issue: GitHub.