remote target ' ' was selected more than once

Error message

remote target '{destination}' was selected more than once

What it means

Each `--host [user@]host` value passed to remote bootstrap maps to an inventory entry keyed by host name. If two --host values resolve to the same host name (including duplicates of one value, or a host also selected via --tag/--all), mise detects the duplicate key collision in the `selected` map and errors.

Solutions

Remove the duplicate --host entry
Drop the --host when --tag or --all already selects that host
Check the generated command line in scripts for repeated flags

Example fix

// before
mise bootstrap remote --host web1 --host web1 --all
// after
mise bootstrap remote --host web1

Defensive patterns

Strategy: validation

Validate before calling

const hosts = [...allHostArgValues]; if (new Set(hosts).size !== hosts.length) throw new Error('duplicate --host');

Prevention

Deduplicate --host values when building commands programmatically
Don't combine --host with --tag/--all for the same machine
Review generated CLI lines in CI logs

When it happens

Trigger: Passing the same --host twice (`--host a --host a`), or passing --host for a machine already matched by --tag or --all, so `HashMap::insert` returns Some.

Common situations: Scripting bootstrap with both an ad-hoc --host and a --tag that includes that host; redundant CLI args accumulated from config expansion.

Understand the failure class

Background: Conflicting config options: "cannot be used together" — configuration validation errors across open-source libraries — this error's family across 162 libraries.

Related errors

AI-assisted analysis of jdx/mise@533346cc37 (2026-09-17). Data as JSON: /api/errors/05708f305d997858. Report an issue: GitHub.

Appendix: source

Thrown at src/cli/bootstrap.rs:3047

            self.github_relay_log_format.as_deref(),
            self.github_relay_max_duration.as_deref(),
        )?;
        if relay.is_some() && !cfg!(unix) {
            bail!("GitHub relay requires Linux or macOS");
        }
        if self.connect_timeout == 0 {
            bail!("--connect-timeout must be greater than zero");
        }
        let config = Config::get().await?;
        let config_excludes = system::remote::excludes_from_config(&config);
        let inventory = system::remote::hosts_from_config(&config, &config_excludes)?;
        let mut selected = select_remote_inventory(&inventory, &self.targets, self.all, &self.tag)?;
        let ad_hoc_source = self.source.clone().unwrap_or(std::env::current_dir()?);
        for destination in &self.host {
            let host =
                system::remote::ad_hoc_host(destination, ad_hoc_source.clone(), &config_excludes)?;
            if selected.insert(host.name.clone(), host).is_some() {
                bail!("remote target '{destination}' was selected more than once");
            }
        }
        if selected.is_empty() {
            if inventory.is_empty() {
                bail!(
                    "no remote targets configured; pass --host [user@]host or add [bootstrap.remote.hosts]"
                );
            }
            bail!(
                "select a remote target by name, --tag, or --all (configured: {})",
                inventory.keys().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>().join(", ")
            );
        }

        let overrides = system::remote::RemoteOverrides {
            from_git: self.adopt.is_some(),
            source: self.source,
            mise_env: self.remote_env,

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