keras-team/keras · error · ValueError

Must specify exactly two of left_cropping, right_cropping…

Error message

Must specify exactly two of left_cropping, right_cropping, target_width. Received: left_cropping={left_cropping}, right_cropping={right_cropping}, target_width={target_width}

What it means

Raised by the affine/shear/crop width helper when the three arguments left_cropping, right_cropping, and target_width do not leave exactly two of them specified. The op solves for the third quantity, so exactly two must be given (non-None) and the third left unspecified.

Solutions

1. Provide exactly two, e.g. target_width=224, left_cropping=0
2. Symmetric: left_cropping=c, right_cropping=c
3. Validate width independently of height

Example fix

# before
out = crop_images(img, target_height=224, top_cropping=0)  # width underdetermined

# after
out = crop_images(img, target_height=224, top_cropping=0, target_width=224, left_cropping=0)

assert [left_cropping, right_cropping, target_width].count(None) == 1

def crop_width_triple_ok(l, r, tw) -> bool:
    return [l, r, tw].count(None) == 1

When it happens

Trigger: crop_images with width args specified 0, 1, or 3 times, e.g. only target_width=224.

Common situations: Same shape as the height variant: partial configs, typo'd keys, mixing pad/crop kwargs.

Related errors

• Must specify exactly two of top_cropping, bottom_cropping…
• Expected `size` to be a tuple of 2 integers. Received: size=
• Must specify exactly two of left_padding, right_padding…
• Must specify exactly two of top_padding, bottom_padding…
• must be >= 0. Received: =

AI-assisted analysis of keras-team/keras@7a34a03db6 (2026-08-25). Data as JSON: /api/errors/1db66f95c43c22eb. Report an issue: GitHub.

Appendix: source

Thrown at keras/src/ops/image.py:1589

def _validate_crop_images_args(
    top_cropping,
    left_cropping,
    bottom_cropping,
    right_cropping,
    target_height,
    target_width,
):
    if [top_cropping, bottom_cropping, target_height].count(None) != 1:
        raise ValueError(
            "Must specify exactly two of "
            "top_cropping, bottom_cropping, target_height. "
            f"Received: top_cropping={top_cropping}, "
            f"bottom_cropping={bottom_cropping}, "
            f"target_height={target_height}"
        )
    if [left_cropping, right_cropping, target_width].count(None) != 1:
        raise ValueError(
            "Must specify exactly two of "
            "left_cropping, right_cropping, target_width. "
            f"Received: left_cropping={left_cropping}, "
            f"right_cropping={right_cropping}, "
            f"target_width={target_width}"
        )

    _validate_non_negative(top_cropping, "top_cropping")
    _validate_non_negative(bottom_cropping, "bottom_cropping")
    _validate_non_negative(target_height, "target_height")
    _validate_non_negative(left_cropping, "left_cropping")
    _validate_non_negative(right_cropping, "right_cropping")
    _validate_non_negative(target_width, "target_width")


class PadImages(Operation):
    def __init__(
        self,

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