keras-team/keras · error · ValueError

`power_iterations` should be greater than zero. Received: `p

Error message

`power_iterations` should be greater than zero. Received: `power_iterations={power_iterations}`

What it means

Error "`power_iterations` should be greater than zero. Received: `power_iterations={power_iterations}`" thrown in keras-team/keras.

Source

Thrown at keras/src/layers/normalization/spectral_normalization.py:47

    >>> y.shape
    (1, 9, 9, 2)

    Wrap `keras.layers.Dense`:
    >>> x = np.random.rand(1, 10, 10, 1)
    >>> dense = SpectralNormalization(keras.layers.Dense(10))
    >>> y = dense(x)
    >>> y.shape
    (1, 10, 10, 10)

    Reference:

    - [Spectral Normalization for GAN](https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.05957).
    """

    def __init__(self, layer, power_iterations=1, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(layer, **kwargs)
        if power_iterations <= 0:
            raise ValueError(
                "`power_iterations` should be greater than zero. Received: "
                f"`power_iterations={power_iterations}`"
            )
        self.power_iterations = power_iterations

    def build(self, input_shape):
        super().build(input_shape)
        self.input_spec = InputSpec(min_ndim=1, axes={-1: input_shape[-1]})

        if hasattr(self.layer, "kernel"):
            self.kernel = self.layer.kernel
        elif hasattr(self.layer, "embeddings"):
            self.kernel = self.layer.embeddings
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                f"{type(self.layer).__name__} object has no attribute 'kernel' "
                "nor 'embeddings'"
            )

View on GitHub (pinned to 7a34a03db6)

When it happens

Trigger: Thrown at keras/src/layers/normalization/spectral_normalization.py:47 when the library encounters an invalid state.

Common situations: See trigger scenarios.

AI-assisted analysis of keras-team/keras@7a34a03db6 (2026-08-25). Data as JSON: /api/errors/f39e1a195b3436a5. Report an issue: GitHub.