risingwavelabs/risingwave · error · ParserError

number or string

Error message

number or string

What it means

Raised while parsing a `FOR SYSTEM_VERSION AS OF ...` clause: only an integer literal or a single-quoted string is accepted after AS OF, and `.expect("number or string")` fires otherwise. It reports that the version argument of a system-version query is missing or of an unsupported form.

Solutions

1. Provide an integer version number or a single-quoted version string after AS OF, e.g. `AS OF 42` or `AS OF 'v3'`.
2. Resolve version expressions in the client and inline the literal.
3. Verify the clause is not truncated at the end of the statement.

Example fix

// before
SELECT * FROM t FOR SYSTEM_VERSION AS OF CURRENT_VERSION;
// after
SELECT * FROM t FOR SYSTEM_VERSION AS OF 3;

function validVersionAsOf(v) { return /^\d+$/.test(v) || (/^'.*'$/.test(v)); }

When it happens

Trigger: Parsing `... FOR SYSTEM_VERSION AS OF <expr>` where expr is a column, a function call, a double-quoted string, or the clause ends immediately after AS OF.

Common situations: Time-travel queries built from application variables that inject expressions instead of literals; dialect porting from engines with different snapshot/version syntax; truncated SQL.

Understand the failure class

Background: "Must be a positive integer", "Invalid value", "Unsupported": the invalid-argument-value error family, when a library rejects the value you pass — this error's family across 35 libraries.

Related errors

• {0}
• backfill order strategy
• BOTH, LEADING, or TRAILING
• date/time field
• function definition

AI-assisted analysis of risingwavelabs/risingwave@6469eb736d (2026-09-11). Data as JSON: /api/errors/b8676738fbf06c6c. Report an issue: GitHub.

Appendix: source

Thrown at src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs:4518

                            Self::parse_identifier.verify(|ident| ident.real_value() == "proctime"),
                            cut_err(Token::LParen),
                            cut_err(Token::RParen),
                        )
                            .value(AsOf::ProcessTime),
                        literal_i64.map(AsOf::TimestampNum),
                        single_quoted_string.map(AsOf::TimestampString),
                    ))
                    .expect("proctime(), now(), number or string"),
                ),
            ),
            preceded(
                (Keyword::SYSTEM_VERSION, Keyword::AS, Keyword::OF),
                cut_err(
                    alt((
                        literal_i64.map(AsOf::VersionNum),
                        single_quoted_string.map(AsOf::VersionString),
                    ))
                    .expect("number or string"),
                ),
            ),
        ))
        .parse_next(self)
    }

    /// Parse a possibly qualified, possibly quoted identifier, e.g.
    /// `foo` or `myschema."table"
    pub fn parse_object_name(&mut self) -> ModalResult<ObjectName> {
        let mut idents = vec![];
        loop {
            idents.push(self.parse_identifier()?);
            if !self.consume_token(&Token::Period) {
                break;
            }
        }
        Ok(ObjectName(idents))
    }

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