rohitg00/ai-engineering-from-scratch · error · ValueError

beta must be in (0, 1)

Error message

beta must be in (0, 1)

What it means

Error "beta must be in (0, 1)" thrown in rohitg00/ai-engineering-from-scratch.

Source

Thrown at phases/19-capstone-projects/44-cosine-lr-warmup/code/main.py:304

    def lr(self, step: int) -> float:
        if step < 0:
            raise ValueError(f"step must be non-negative, got {step}")
        if step <= self.warmup_steps:
            return self.lr_max * (step / self.warmup_steps)
        return self.lr_max * math.sqrt(self.warmup_steps / step)


@dataclass
class EWMA:
    """Exponentially weighted moving average of a scalar, useful for grad-norm smoothing."""

    beta: float
    value: float = 0.0
    initialized: bool = False

    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
        if not 0 < self.beta < 1:
            raise ValueError("beta must be in (0, 1)")

    def update(self, sample: float) -> float:
        if not self.initialized:
            self.value = float(sample)
            self.initialized = True
            return self.value
        self.value = self.beta * self.value + (1.0 - self.beta) * float(sample)
        return self.value


@dataclass
class StepLogSummary:
    """Reduction of a per-step log to the numbers a reviewer scans first."""

    steps: int
    lr_peak: float
    lr_final: float
    grad_l2_peak: float

View on GitHub (pinned to 39ea8a1c6d)

When it happens

Trigger: Thrown at phases/19-capstone-projects/44-cosine-lr-warmup/code/main.py:304 when the library encounters an invalid state.

Common situations: See trigger scenarios.

AI-assisted analysis of rohitg00/ai-engineering-from-scratch@39ea8a1c6d (2026-08-26). Data as JSON: /api/errors/0b9a26dea57e03fb. Report an issue: GitHub.