rohitg00/ai-engineering-from-scratch · error · PaperValidationError

title is empty

Error message

title is empty

What it means

Error "title is empty" thrown in rohitg00/ai-engineering-from-scratch.

Source

Thrown at phases/19-capstone-projects/54-paper-writer/code/main.py:78

        return f"sec:{self.id}"


@dataclass
class Paper:
    title: str
    authors: list[str]
    abstract: str
    sections: list[Section] = field(default_factory=list)
    figures: list[Figure] = field(default_factory=list)
    bibliography: list[BibEntry] = field(default_factory=list)


ProseGenerator = Callable[[Section, Paper], str]


def _validate(paper: Paper) -> None:
    if not paper.title.strip():
        raise PaperValidationError("title is empty")
    if not paper.abstract.strip():
        raise PaperValidationError("abstract is empty")

    fig_ids: set[str] = set()
    for fig in paper.figures:
        if fig.id in fig_ids:
            raise PaperValidationError(f"duplicate figure id: {fig.id}")
        fig_ids.add(fig.id)

    bib_keys: set[str] = set()
    for b in paper.bibliography:
        if b.key in bib_keys:
            raise PaperValidationError(f"duplicate bibliography key: {b.key}")
        bib_keys.add(b.key)
    for sec in paper.sections:
        for key in sec.cites:
            if key not in bib_keys:
                raise PaperValidationError(

View on GitHub (pinned to 39ea8a1c6d)

When it happens

Trigger: Thrown at phases/19-capstone-projects/54-paper-writer/code/main.py:78 when the library encounters an invalid state.

Common situations: See trigger scenarios.

AI-assisted analysis of rohitg00/ai-engineering-from-scratch@39ea8a1c6d (2026-08-26). Data as JSON: /api/errors/c38d762eb359cf8a. Report an issue: GitHub.