spring-projects/spring-framework · error · IllegalArgumentException

Cannot use PrototypeAspectInstanceFactory with bean named '{

Error message

Cannot use PrototypeAspectInstanceFactory with bean named '{}': not a prototype

What it means

Thrown by PrototypeAspectInstanceFactory's constructor when the named bean is not configured as a prototype in the BeanFactory (beanFactory.isPrototype(name) returns false). This factory is meant to produce a fresh aspect instance per invocation, which only makes sense for prototype-scoped beans; a singleton or unknown scope is rejected to enforce correct semantics.

Source

Thrown at spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/annotation/PrototypeAspectInstanceFactory.java:50

 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 2.0
 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory
 * @see LazySingletonAspectInstanceFactoryDecorator
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class PrototypeAspectInstanceFactory extends BeanFactoryAspectInstanceFactory implements Serializable {

	/**
	 * Create a PrototypeAspectInstanceFactory. AspectJ will be called to
	 * introspect to create AJType metadata using the type returned for the
	 * given bean name from the BeanFactory.
	 * @param beanFactory the BeanFactory to obtain instance(s) from
	 * @param name the name of the bean
	 */
	public PrototypeAspectInstanceFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory, String name) {
		super(beanFactory, name);
		if (!beanFactory.isPrototype(name)) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(
					"Cannot use PrototypeAspectInstanceFactory with bean named '" + name + "': not a prototype");
		}
	}

}

View on GitHub (pinned to e8729d0438)

Solutions

1. Annotate the aspect bean with @Scope("prototype") or set scope="prototype" in XML/@Bean so beanFactory.isPrototype returns true.
2. If the aspect is genuinely singleton, remove the perthis/pertarget per-clause so Spring does not route it through PrototypeAspectInstanceFactory.
3. In tests, pass a mock BeanFactory whose isPrototype returns true for the name.

Example fix

// before
@Aspect("pertarget(execution(* com.acme..*(..)))")
@Component
public class PerTargetAuditAspect { ... }
// after
@Aspect("pertarget(execution(* com.acme..*(..)))")
@Component
@Scope("prototype")
public class PerTargetAuditAspect { ... }

import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;

void ensurePrototype(ConfigurableBeanFactory bf, String name) {
  if (!bf.isPrototype(name))
    throw new IllegalStateException("Bean '" + name + "' must be prototype-scoped for PrototypeAspectInstanceFactory");
}

When it happens

Trigger: Constructing new PrototypeAspectInstanceFactory(beanFactory, beanName) where beanName refers to a singleton-scoped bean or a bean whose scope is not prototype. Spring constructs this internally for pertarget/perthis/pertypewithin aspects registered as beans.

Common situations: Declaring an aspect bean with scope="singleton" (the default) but the aspect uses a perthis/pertarget per-clause that Spring routes through PrototypeAspectInstanceFactory. Misconfigured @Scope on an @Aspect bean. Manually instantiating PrototypeAspectInstanceFactory in tests with a singleton bean.

Related errors

• MethodInvocation is not a Spring ProxyMethodInvocation: {}
• 'argumentNames' property of AbstractAspectJAdvice contains a
• Only afterReturning advice can be used to bind a return valu
• Only afterThrowing advice can be used to bind a thrown excep
• Advice method [{}] requires {} arguments to be bound by name

AI-assisted analysis of spring-projects/spring-framework@e8729d0438 (2026-08-04). Data as JSON: /data/errors/d359d09f09848b09.json. Report an issue: GitHub.