spring-projects/spring-framework · error · BeanInstantiationException

Failed to instantiate method

Error message

Failed to instantiate method

What it means

Thrown as a BeanInstantiationException when invoking the constructor or factory method of a bean via reflection throws any Throwable. BeanInstanceSupplier.instantiate wraps the underlying cause (IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, error inside the constructor, etc.) into a BeanInstantiationException so a single, consistent exception type surfaces from bean creation.

Source

Thrown at spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/aot/BeanInstanceSupplier.java:368

						registeredBean.getBeanName(), registeredBean.getBeanFactory());
			}
			return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructor, args);
		}
		if (executable instanceof Method method) {
			Object target = null;
			String factoryBeanName = registeredBean.getMergedBeanDefinition().getFactoryBeanName();
			if (factoryBeanName != null) {
				target = registeredBean.getBeanFactory().getBean(factoryBeanName, method.getDeclaringClass());
			}
			else if (!Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
				throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot invoke instance method without factoryBeanName: " + method);
			}
			try {
				ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
				return method.invoke(target, args);
			}
			catch (Throwable ex) {
				throw new BeanInstantiationException(method, ex.getMessage(), ex);
			}
		}
		throw new IllegalStateException("Unsupported executable " + executable.getClass().getName());
	}


	private static String toCommaSeparatedNames(Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
		return Arrays.stream(parameterTypes).map(Class::getName).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
	}


	/**
	 * Performs lookup of the {@link Executable}.
	 */
	abstract static class ExecutableLookup {

		abstract Executable get(RegisteredBean registeredBean);
	}

View on GitHub (pinned to 69bf83ad71)

Solutions

1. Read the 'caused by' of the BeanInstantiationException to see the real exception thrown by the constructor and fix it at the source.
2. If access fails, ensure the constructor/factory method is registered for reflection (ExecutableMode.INVOKE) in native image, typically via the AOT runtime hints.
3. Confirm the constructor argument types/count match what the supplier is passing (signature drift after refactor).
4. Initialize required state before bean creation (provide constructor args, properties, or environment values) so the constructor does not throw.
5. Unit-test the constructor/factory method in isolation to reproduce the failure without Spring.

Example fix

// before: constructor throws because a required arg is null
public MyService(Dependency dep) {
    this.dep = Objects.requireNonNull(dep); // NPE here
}

// after: ensure the dependency is provided/registered before instantiation
@Configuration
class Cfg {
    @Bean Dependency dep() { return new DefaultDependency(); }
    @Bean MyService myService(Dependency dep) { return new MyService(dep); }
}

// Smoke-test the constructor in isolation before Spring invokes it
MyBean b = new MyBean(requiredArg1, requiredArg2);
Assert.notNull(b, "bean must construct");

try {
    return beanFactory.getBean(MyBean.class);
} catch (BeanInstantiationException ex) {
    Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
    throw new IllegalStateException("Constructor of " + ex.getBeanClass() + " failed", cause);
}

When it happens

Trigger: method.invoke(target, args) (or BeanUtils.instantiateClass) throws because the constructor/factory method itself raised an exception, the JVM denied access, the bean threw in its constructor, an argument type mismatch caused a runtime exception, or a static initializer failed.

Common situations: Bean constructor throws NullPointerException/IllegalArgumentException because of bad state; required property missing because bean is being instantiated before its @PostConstruct-style init; native-image missing reflection registration causing IllegalAccess; constructor argument types changed between compile and AOT metadata; third-party library throwing in its constructor (driver init, connection pool).

Related errors

• Failed to load Class [
• Unsatisfied dependency expressed through injection point
• %s cannot be found on %s
• failed to generate code for bean definition
• instance supplier is not supported

AI-assisted analysis of spring-projects/spring-framework@69bf83ad71 (2026-08-09). Data as JSON: /api/errors/9198e4f61d29a128. Report an issue: GitHub.