sveltejs/kit · error · Error

routes.include must contain at least one route

Error message

routes.include must contain at least one route

What it means

Cloudflare limits the number of route include patterns in `_routes.json` (100 include rules for Workers with static assets). The adapter validates this at build time so deployment doesn't fail later at Cloudflare with an opaque error.

Solutions

1. Consolidate patterns with wildcards, e.g. ['/api/*'] instead of listing every endpoint.
2. Invert the logic: use exclude patterns for the minority of paths instead of enumerating includes.
3. Trim the include list to under 100 entries, prioritizing the highest-traffic routes.
4. If genuinely more than 100 distinct patterns are needed, reconsider using _routes.json and handle routing inside the Worker.

Example fix

// before
routes: { include: ['/a', '/b', '/c', /* ...150 paths */] }

// after
routes: { include: ['/api/*'], exclude: ['/static/*', '/favicon.ico'] }

const include = routes?.include ?? ['/*'];
if (include.length > 100) {
  throw new Error('routes.include must contain 100 or fewer routes');
}

function withinRouteLimit(include) {
  return Array.isArray(include) && include.length <= 100;
}

try {
  await viteBuild();
} catch (e) {
  if (String(e).includes('100 or fewer routes')) {
    console.error('Consolidate routes.include patterns with wildcards');
    process.exit(1);
  }
  throw e;
}

When it happens

Trigger: Providing an adapter `routes.include` array with more than 100 entries during adapt/get_routes_json (e.g. enumerating hundreds of individual paths).

Common situations: Excluding many API endpoints by listing each path individually instead of using wildcards; auto-generated route lists from a CMS with many top-level paths.

Related errors

• routes.include and routes.exclude must be arrays
• The following _redirects rule cannot be excluded by…
• routes.include must contain 100 or fewer routes
• You must remove all `site` keys in
• You must specify the `assets.binding` key in

AI-assisted analysis of sveltejs/kit@03f1687fe6 (2026-09-02). Data as JSON: /api/errors/5929afa74155a2a8. Report an issue: GitHub.

Appendix: source

Thrown at packages/adapter-cloudflare/utils.js:99

/**
 * Generates the [_routes.json](https://developers.cloudflare.com/pages/functions/routing/#create-a-_routesjson-file)
 * file that dictates which routes invoke the Cloudflare Worker.
 * @param {import('@sveltejs/kit').Builder} builder
 * @param {string[]} client_assets
 * @param {string[]} redirects
 * @param {import('./index.js').AdapterOptions['routes']} routes
 * @returns {import('./index.js').RoutesJSONSpec}
 */
export function get_routes_json(builder, client_assets, redirects, routes) {
	const include = routes?.include ?? ['/*'];
	let exclude = routes?.exclude ?? ['<all>'];

	if (!Array.isArray(include) || !Array.isArray(exclude)) {
		throw new Error('routes.include and routes.exclude must be arrays');
	}

	if (include?.length === 0) {
		throw new Error('routes.include must contain at least one route');
	}

	if (include?.length > 100) {
		throw new Error('routes.include must contain 100 or fewer routes');
	}

	/** @type {Set<string>} */
	const transformed_rules = new Set();
	for (const rule of exclude) {
		if (rule === '<all>') {
			transformed_rules.add('<build>');
			transformed_rules.add('<files>');
			transformed_rules.add('<prerendered>');
			transformed_rules.add('<redirects>');
		} else {
			transformed_rules.add(rule);
		}
	}

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