windmill-labs/windmill · error

Parsing error `:` should be before `=` it likely means you a

Error message

Parsing error `:` should be before `=`
it likely means you are trying to set default value to record or table which is not supported at the moment.

What it means

When parsing `def main` parameters, the parser splits each batch on `:` (type) and `=` (default). If the `=` appears before the `:`, the parameter is shaped like `x = {a: 1}: record` — a default value on a record/table literal — which the grammar cannot represent, so it bails with this explanatory message. Windmill's signature parser does not support assigning defaults to record or table literals in that position.

Source

Thrown at backend/parsers/windmill-parser-nu/src/lib.rs:121

                            .get(0..t)
                            .ok_or(anyhow!("Cannot parse argument ident"))?
                            .trim(),
                        Some(parse_type(
                            &batch
                                .get(t..d)
                                .ok_or(anyhow!("Cannot parse type of argument"))?,
                        )?),
                        Some(parse_default(
                            &batch
                                .get(d..)
                                .ok_or(anyhow!("Cannot parse default value of argument"))?,
                            &batches,
                            i,
                            &mut compensate_lookahead,
                        )?),
                    )
                } else {
                    bail!("Parsing error `:` should be before `=`\nit likely means you are trying to set default value to record or table which is not supported at the moment.")
                }
            }
        };

        // Check if it is optional
        let optional = {
            let Some(element) = name.chars().last() else {
                bail!("Internal error, cannot check if argument is optional")
            };
            element == '?'
        };

        // Rest parameters are not supported
        if matches!(name.get(0..3), Some("...")) {
            bail!("Rest (...) parameters are not supported")
        }

        // Flags are not supported

View on GitHub (pinned to e474e8803c)

Solutions

1. Remove the default and require the caller to pass the value (use `ident?` optional-with-null if acceptable).
2. Annotate the type explicitly before the default: `ident: record = {...}` is still limited — if unsupported, pass records via a JSON resource or input instead.
3. Restructure so the default is a supported scalar (string/int/float/bool/list) without `:` in it.
4. Handle the record inside the script body: accept `any`/`record` without default and use `default`/`if empty` logic in code.

Example fix

// before
def main [config = {mode: fast}]
// after
def main [mode: string = "fast"]

function validateNuParamDefaults(sigLine) {
  const t = sigLine.indexOf(':'), d = sigLine.indexOf('=');
  if (d !== -1 && t !== -1 && d < t) return 'default value appears before type; record/table literal defaults with `:` are not supported — use scalar defaults like `x: string = "a"`';
  return null;
}

try {
  const sig = parseNuSignature(source);
} catch (e) {
  if (String(e).includes('`:` should be before `=`')) {
    throw new Error('Move the default to a supported scalar form, or drop the default and pass the value at call time');
  }
  throw e;
}

When it happens

Trigger: Declaring a main parameter whose default value contains `:` before the type annotation effectively does — e.g. `def main [config = {mode: fast}]` or `def main [tbl = [[a]; [1]]]`-style record/table literal defaults, where the literal's internal `:` lands after `=` so type_start > default_start.

Common situations: Using a record literal (`{key: value}`) or table literal as a default parameter value in a Nushell script; defaults with colons such as URLs or time literals before a type annotation.

Related errors

• typed records are not supported, use `ident: record`
• Cannot parse default value for argument
• Cannot find main function.
• Internal error, cannot check if argument is optional
• Rest (...) parameters are not supported

AI-assisted analysis of windmill-labs/windmill@e474e8803c (2026-09-03). Data as JSON: /api/errors/0b8ac96d413538c2. Report an issue: GitHub.