alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba · error · ParseException

Hour values must be between 0 and 23

Error message

Hour values must be between 0 and 23

What it means

Thrown in addToSet when an HOUR value (or range end) is outside 0-23, unless it is the ALL_SPEC wildcard sentinel (guard at CronExpression.java:774-777). Hours run 0-23 (midnight = 0).

Source

Thrown at spring-cloud-alibaba-starters/spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-schedulerx/src/main/java/com/alibaba/cloud/scheduling/schedulerx/util/CronExpression.java:775

		return i;
	}

	protected void addToSet(final int val, final int end, int incr, final int type)
			throws ParseException {

		final TreeSet<Integer> set = getSet(type);

		if (type == SECOND || type == MINUTE) {
			if ((val < 0 || val > 59 || end > 59) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT)) {
				throw new ParseException(
						"Minute and Second values must be between 0 and 59",
						-1);
			}
		}
		else if (type == HOUR) {
			if ((val < 0 || val > 23 || end > 23) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT)) {
				throw new ParseException(
						"Hour values must be between 0 and 23", -1);
			}
		}
		else if (type == DAY_OF_MONTH) {
			if ((val < 1 || val > 31 || end > 31) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT)
					&& (val != NO_SPEC_INT)) {
				throw new ParseException(
						"Day of month values must be between 1 and 31", -1);
			}
		}
		else if (type == MONTH) {
			if ((val < 1 || val > 12 || end > 12) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT)) {
				throw new ParseException(
						"Month values must be between 1 and 12", -1);
			}
		}
		else if (type == DAY_OF_WEEK) {
			if ((val == 0 || val > 7 || end > 7) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT)

View on GitHub (pinned to 115d590110)

Solutions

1. Keep hours in 0-23; midnight is 0, e.g. '24' -> '0'.
2. Convert 12-hour AM/PM input to 24-hour before building the string.
3. Recount the six fields.

Example fix

// before
new CronExpression("0 0 24 * * ?");
// after
new CronExpression("0 0 0 * * ?"); // midnight daily

// Hours(field 2) must be 0..23.
static boolean hoursInRange(String[] fields) {
    if (fields.length < 3) return false;
    return inRange(fields[2], 0, 23);
}
private static boolean inRange(String f, int lo, int hi) {
    if (f.equals("*") || f.equals("?")) return true;
    for (String part : f.split("[-,/LW#]")) {
        if (part.isEmpty()) continue;
        try { int v = Integer.parseInt(part); if (v < lo || v > hi) return false; }
        catch (NumberFormatException e) { /* ignore names */ }
    }
    return true;
}

try {
    CronExpression cron = new CronExpression(raw);
} catch (ParseException e) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid cron expression: " + raw, e);
}

When it happens

Trigger: `new CronExpression("0 0 24 * * ?")` (hour=24), or `0 0 25 * * ?`, or a range like `0 0 0-24 * * ?`.

Common situations: Using 24 for midnight (should be 0), a 1-based/AM-PM conversion mistake, or a field-shift placing a day value into the hours field.

Related errors

• Increment > 60 : {}
• Increment > 24 : {}
• Increment > 31 : {}
• Increment > 7 : {}
• Increment > 12 : {}

AI-assisted analysis of alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba@115d590110 (2026-08-14). Data as JSON: /api/errors/ff624f4567245eb6. Report an issue: GitHub.