microsoft/qlib · error · ValueError

unknown loss `%s`

Error message

unknown loss `%s`

What it means

Raised by GRUModelTS.loss_fn when self.loss is not "mse". The TS variant supports only weighted MSE (it accepts an optional weight tensor for reweighter support); all other loss names raise on the first training batch.

Source

Thrown at qlib/contrib/model/pytorch_gru_ts.py:154

    @property
    def use_gpu(self):
        return self.device != torch.device("cpu")

    def mse(self, pred, label, weight):
        loss = weight * (pred - label) ** 2
        return torch.mean(loss)

    def loss_fn(self, pred, label, weight=None):
        mask = ~torch.isnan(label)

        if weight is None:
            weight = torch.ones_like(label)

        if self.loss == "mse":
            return self.mse(pred[mask], label[mask], weight[mask])

        raise ValueError("unknown loss `%s`" % self.loss)

    def metric_fn(self, pred, label):
        mask = torch.isfinite(label)

        if self.metric in ("", "loss"):
            return -self.loss_fn(pred[mask], label[mask])

        raise ValueError("unknown metric `%s`" % self.metric)

    def train_epoch(self, data_loader):
        self.GRU_model.train()

        for data, weight in data_loader:
            feature = data[:, :, 0:-1].to(self.device)
            label = data[:, -1, -1].to(self.device)

            pred = self.GRU_model(feature.float())
            loss = self.loss_fn(pred, label, weight.to(self.device))

View on GitHub (pinned to 79633dd950)

Solutions

  1. Set loss="mse".
  2. Subclass GRUModelTS and extend loss_fn for a custom loss.

Example fix

# before
GRUModelTS(loss="huber", ...)

# after
GRUModelTS(loss="mse", ...)
Defensive patterns

Strategy: validation

Validate before calling

assert params["loss"] == "mse", "GRUModelTS supports only loss='mse'"

Type guard

def is_supported_loss(loss: str) -> bool:
    return loss == "mse"

Try / catch

try:
    model.fit(dataset)
except ValueError as e:
    if "unknown loss" in str(e):
        raise ValueError("GRUModelTS only supports loss='mse'") from e
    raise

Prevention

When it happens

Trigger: GRUModelTS(loss=<anything but "mse">) then fit(); the loss_fn is also invoked by metric_fn when metric is ""/"loss" during validation.

Common situations: Hyper-parameter search sweeps that include unsupported loss values; configs copied from other frameworks.

Related errors


AI-assisted analysis of microsoft/qlib@79633dd950 (2026-08-15). Data as JSON: /api/errors/6c36ad7851ec926e. Report an issue: GitHub.