apache/shardingsphere · error · SQLParsingException

42000

42000

Error message

You have an error in your SQL syntax: %s

What it means

Thrown by UtilityDistSQLStatementParserEngine.parseToASTNode when the utility DistSQL parser (UtilityDistSQLLexer/Parser) fails with an ANTLR ParseCancellationException. Utility DistSQL covers statements like SHOW SHARDING or preview-style helpers; when the token stream violates the grammar, the parser's error strategy cancels and the SQL is wrapped in SQLParsingException (SQLState 42000).

Source

Thrown at parser/distsql/engine/src/main/java/org/apache/shardingsphere/distsql/parser/core/utility/UtilityDistSQLStatementParserEngine.java:48

 */
public final class UtilityDistSQLStatementParserEngine {
    
    /**
     * Parse SQL.
     *
     * @param sql SQL to be parsed
     * @return SQL statement
     */
    public SQLStatement parse(final String sql) {
        ASTNode astNode = parseToASTNode(sql);
        return getSQLStatement(sql, (ParseASTNode) astNode);
    }
    
    private ASTNode parseToASTNode(final String sql) {
        try {
            return SQLParserFactory.newInstance(sql, UtilityDistSQLLexer.class, UtilityDistSQLParser.class).parse();
        } catch (final ParseCancellationException ignored) {
            throw new SQLParsingException(sql);
        }
    }
    
    private SQLStatement getSQLStatement(final String sql, final ParseASTNode parseASTNode) {
        if (parseASTNode.getRootNode() instanceof ErrorNode) {
            throw new SQLParsingException(sql);
        }
        return (SQLStatement) (new UtilityDistSQLStatementVisitor()).visit(parseASTNode.getRootNode());
    }
}

View on GitHub (pinned to e952770a21)

Solutions

1. Verify the statement against utility DistSQL grammar (UtilityDistSQL.g4) for your version
2. Ensure the statement category matches the engine (utility vs kernel vs featured)
3. Fix quoting/escaping of embedded SQL inside PREVIEW-like statements
4. Upgrade if the utility grammar in your version has a known gap for the statement

Example fix

// before
engine.parse("PREVIEW SELECT * FROM t WHERE"); // incomplete inner SQL

// after
engine.parse("PREVIEW SELECT * FROM t WHERE id = 1");

try { engine.parse(sql); } catch (SQLParsingException e) { throw new UserInputException("Invalid utility DistSQL: " + sql, e); }

When it happens

Trigger: Calling UtilityDistSQLStatementParserEngine.parse with a statement that does not match utility DistSQL grammar: invalid PREVIEW/SHOW-like syntax, wrong clause keywords, unbalanced tokens, or a statement of another DistSQL category sent to the utility engine.

Common situations: Preview workflows where users pass arbitrary SQL to PREVIEW with wrong wrapping; mistyped utility commands in ops scripts; grammar changes across ShardingSphere versions; using utility DistSQL reserved words as plain identifiers.

Related errors

• 42000
• 42000
• 42000
• 42000
• 1

AI-assisted analysis of apache/shardingsphere@e952770a21 (2026-08-14). Data as JSON: /api/errors/93c94b6191f063d6. Report an issue: GitHub.